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Congruence Transformation

Congruence Transformation

One-page printable reference

See It in Action

Two examples of the idea done right—and one common look-alike that is not right.

EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE

NON-EXAMPLE

Definition

A congruence transformation (also called a rigid transformation) is a transformation that preserves the size and shape of a figure.

Key Points:

  • The image is congruent to the original figure — all corresponding sides and angles are equal.

  • It does not change the lengths of sides or the measures of angles.

  • The three main congruence transformations are:

    • Translation (sliding)

    • Rotation (turning)

    • Reflection (flipping)

Example:

If a triangle is rotated 180°, it’s been through a congruence transformation because the new triangle is the same size and shape as the original.


A triangle and its image after a rotation about a point. The side lengths and angle measures are labeled in both triangles. The corresponding sides and angles all have the same measures.

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